There are billions of almost spherical universal egg shaped universes known as Brahmandas that emanate from the Body of Maha-Visnu, via the pores of His skin and His breathing, spreading throughout the material creation as seen in painting below.
These massive material universes (Brahmandas) make up the multi-verse that is the material creation or mahat-tattva.
Furthermore, each massive Brahmanda universe surrounds and encases a smaller inner "secondary universe" that exists deep inside each Brahmanda universe where Garbhodakashayi Visnu, Lord Brahma and many planetary systems reside.
Each Brahmanda universal shell is different, in our material universe inside our Brahmanda, there are 14 planetary systems however, in other universes inside their Brahmanda, they can have many more planetary systems.
This is based on the amount of heads each Brahma has in their universe, some Brahmā's like ours have 4 heads but other Brahmas can have 10, 20, 50, 1000, 10,000 or even 10,000,000 heads.
This is inconceivable to our small minds.
Our secondary material universe inside our surrounding Brahmanda is oftened called Bhu-Mandala.
This is because it is almost 4 billion miles in diameter, which is the size of our Brahma's universe with its 14 planetary systems according to 5th Canto of Srimad Bhagavatam.
The 14 planetary systems are divided into two realms, seven higher and seven lower with our Earth globe being in the middle (Bhurloka)
So lets be clear, our material universe is deep inside a much larger surrounding universe called a Brahmanda that originates in the billions from the pores and breathing of Maha-Visnu.
Inside the smaller material universe there are 14 planetary systems called Lokas-
Satya-loka (Brahma-loka)
Tapa-loka
Jana-loka
Mahar-loka
Svar-loka (Svarga-loka)
Bhuvar-loka
Bhu-loka (where our Earth global sphere is found)
Atala-loka
Vitala-loka
Sutala-loka
Talatala-loka
Mahatala-loka
Rasatala-loka
Patala-loka
Srila Prabhupada - "The universe is divided into fourteen planetary systems. Seven planetary systems are upward planetary systems, one above the other and called-
Bhūr, (where our Earth global sphere is found)
Bhuvar,
Svar,
Mahar,
Janas,
Tapas,
Satya,
There are also seven planetary systems downward, known as
Atala,
Vitala,
Sutala,
Talātala,
Mahātala,
Rasātala,
Pātāla,
One below the other. In this verse, the description begins from the bottom because it is in the line of devotion that the Lord's bodily description should begin from His feet.
Śukadeva Gosvāmī is a recognized devotee of the Lord, and he is exactly correct in the description." (SB Canto 2 Ch 1 text 26, Purport)
The Planetary Systems actually exists within the lotus stem that originates from the navel of Garbhodakashayi Visnu and Lord Brahma's abode is found at the end or top of that lotus stem.
Srimad Bhagavatam tells us there are billions of individual Brahmanda universes however, the sizes of the each Brahmanda universe and its small inner secondary universes inside it, varies.
For example, our material universe deep inside our Brahmanda called Bhu-Mandala, is one of the smallest being only 4 billion miles (500,000,000 Yojanas) in diameter.
One yojana equals 8 miles.
According to Srimad Bhagavatam's 5th Canto, there are 14 planetary systems in our 4 billion mile diameter universe, but the amount of planetary systems may be different in other universes deep inside their Brahmanda.
As explained, within the stem of the lotus coming from the naval of Garbhodakashayi Visnu, there are fourteen divisions of planetary systems created by Lord Brahma, and our earth spherical global planet is situated in the middle of the stem.
Srila Prabhupada - "We have to imagine that these universes (Brahmandas), which according to our limited knowledge are expanded unlimitedly, are so great that the gross and subtle ingredients—the five elements of the cosmic manifestation, namely-
1 - Earth,
2 - Water,
3 - Fire,
4 - Air,
5 - Sky,
6 - Total material energy (mahat-tattva)
7 - False ego.
All are not only within the material universe but encase or material universe with seven material layers of matter, each layer ten times bigger than the previous one.
In this way, each and every material universe is very securely packed, and there are numberless universes.
All these universes float within the innumerable pores of the transcendental body of Mahā-Viṣṇu.
It is stated that just as the atoms and particles of dust are floating within the air along with the birds and their number cannot be calculated, so innumerable universes are floating within the pores of the transcendental body of the Lord. For this reason, the Vedas say that God is beyond the grasp of our knowledge." (Krsna Book 87)
We cannot see from one universe to another, this is because our individual universe is surrounded and encased by 7 thick material layers that makes up our outer egg shaped universe called a Brahmanda.
And yes, it is impossible to see the millions of other Brahmandas outside our inner universe (inside a massive Brahmanda) because of being surrounded by 7 thick material layers that only rare mystic yogis and advanced devotees like Arjuna can see and pass through.
So of course Krsna and Arjuna did not encounter such limitations we experience by the combination of these elements like earth, water, fire, air all gross elements as Bhagavad Gita As It Is explains.
Srila Prabhupada - "The Lord is not visible to the eyes of ordinary men, those who are beyond the covering layers because of their transcendental devotional service can still see Him." (Krsna Book 87)
We cannot see through our Brahmanda that surrounds and encases our small secondary material universe within it, Srila Prabhupada is clear on this.
Srila Prabhupada - "Lord Krsna and Arjuna crossed over the great region of darkness covering the material universes. Arjuna then saw the effulgence of light known as the brahmajyoti. The brahmajyoti is situated ''outside the covering of the material universes'', and because it cannot be seen with our present eyes, this brahmajyoti is sometimes called avyakta." (Krsna Book, 89)
Srila Prabhupada - "Each universe is covered by various layers of material elements (The 7 layers of the outer Brahmanda covering), and therefore although the universes are clustered together, we cannot see from one universe to another. In other words, whatever we see is within this one universe. In each universe there is one Lord Brahmā, and there are other demigods on other planets, but there is only one sun." (SB Canto 5 Ch 21 Text 11, Purport)
Srila Prabhupāda - "Every universe is covered by seven layers—earth, water, fire, air, sky, the total energy and false ego—each ten times greater than the previous one. There are innumerable universes besides this one, and although they are unlimitedly large, they move about like atoms in You. Therefore You are called unlimited [ananta]''. This verse describes the coverings of the universe (saptabhir daśa-guṇottarair aṇḍa-kośaḥ)." (SB Canto 6 Ch 16 Text 37)
There are 7 material layers of the greater Brahmanda universe that encase our 4 billion diameter inner secondary material universe.
Each layer is 10 times thicker than the previous beginning with multiplying the 4 billion miles diameter of our inner universe by 10 to get the diameter of the first layer which is earth-
1 - Earth - 40 billion miles in diameter,
2 - Water - 400 billion miles in diameter,
3 - Fire - 4000 billion (4 trillion) miles in diameter,
4 - Air - 40,000 billion (40 trillion) miles in diameter,
5 - Sky - 400,000 billion (400 trillion) miles in diameter,
6 - Total material energy - 4000,000 billion, (4 quadrillion) miles in diameter.
7 - False ego - 40,000,000 billion (40 quadrillion) miles in diameter.
The total size of our Brahmanda that our small 4 billion mile diameter secondary universe is in, is 44 quadrillion 444 trillion 444 billion miles in diameter according to calculations from Canto 5 of Srimad Bhagavatam.
Beginning with the covering of earth, each covering is ten times greater than the previous one.
Thus we can only imagine how great and massive each Brahmanda outer universe is, and there are many billions of Brahmanda universes.
Lord Krsna in Bhagavad-gītā As It Is says-
athavā bahunaitena
kiṁ jñātena tavārjuna
viṣṭabhyāham idaṁ kṛtsnam
ekāṁśena sthito jagat
"But what need is there, Arjuna, for all this detailed knowledge? With a single fragment of Myself I pervade and support this entire universe." (BG 10.42)
The entire material world manifests only one fourth of the Supreme Lord's energy. Therefore He is called ananta.
Srila Prabhupada - "The first puruṣa is the Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu. From His skin holes innumerable universes have sprung up. In each and every universe, the puruṣa enters as the Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu.
He is lying within the half of the universe which is full with the water of His body. And from the navel of Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu has sprung the stem of the lotus flower, the birthplace of Brahmā, who is the father of all living beings and the master of all the demigod engineers engaged in the perfect design and working of the universal order.
Within the stem of the lotus there are fourteen divisions of planetary systems, and the earthly planets are situated in the middle.
Upwards there are other, better planetary systems, and the topmost system is called Brahmaloka or Satyaloka. Downwards from the earthly planetary system there are seven lower planetary systems inhabited by the asuras and similar other materialistic living beings." (SB Canto 1 Ch 3 text 2, Purport)
As said above our secondary material universe deep inside our Brahmanda is divided into fourteen planetary systems.
Seven upper planetary systems-
Bhūr,
Bhuvar,
Svar,
Mahar,
Janas,
Tapas,
Satya,
These are all upward planetary systems, one above the other. There are also seven planetary systems downward, known as-
Atala,
Vitala,
Sutala,
Talātala,
Mahātala,
Rasātala,
Pātāla.
Lord Brahmā lives only for the duration of one breath of Mahā-Viṣṇu which is 311 trillion 40 billion human years.
According to our human time scale, 4 billion 320 million human years equals twelve hours for Brahmā's day, and the same amount of years equals Brahma's night.
As said above, this means means a full 24 hour day of Brahma is 8 billion 640 million human years.
Only in the day-time hours do the 1000 Maha-yugas exist, each Maha-yuga is made up of four yugas.
Satya-yuga,
Treta-yuga,
Dvarpara-yuga,
Kali-yuga.
Brahmā lives for one hundred of his years as said above (311 trillion and 40 billion human years)
The whole life of Brahmā is contained within one breath of Mahā-Viṣṇu, thus it is not possible for us to imagine the breathing power of Mahā-Viṣṇu, who is but a partial manifestation of Lord Nityānanda.^**^.
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