1 - Kāraṇodakaśāyī Visnu is also known as Mahā-Visnu
2 - Garbhodakaśāyī Visnu is also known as Hiraṇyagarbha.
3 - Ksirodakaśāyī Visnu is also known as Paramātmā or super soul and is in the hearts area of all material bodily vessels next to each individual jiva-souls who are the passengers in all 8 million 400 thousand species of different material bodily vessel life forms.
This means each individual jiva-soul is accompanied by Lord Visnu in the Form of Paramatma in their journey of many life times through the material creation. Garbhodakaśāyī Visnu is an expansion of Mahā-Visnu (Kāraṇodakaśāyī Visnu)
In Gaudīya Vaisnavism the Sātvata-tantra describes three different forms of Visnu as:
1 - Mahā-Visnu who is also known as Kāraṇodakaśāyī Visnu.
2 - Garbhodakaśāyī Visnu or Hiraṇyagarbha.
3 - Ksirodakaśāyī Visnu, Supersoul or Paramātmā.
Lord Brahma sits on the top of a lotus stem on a flower that grows from the naval of Garbhodakaśāyī Visnu.
And then Lord Brahma creates the 14 different material planetary systems and administrator's (demigods).
Each of the three Visnus have different roles in the maintenance of the material universe and its inhabitants.
Srila Prabhupada - "For material creation, Lord Krsna's plenary expansion assumes three Visnus.
1 - The first, Mahā-Viṣṇu or Kāraṇodakaśāyī Visnu, creates the total material energy, known as the mahat-tattva.
2 - The second, Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, enters into all the universes to create diversities.
3 - And the third, Kṣīrodakaśāyī Visnu, is diffused as the all-pervading super soul in all the universes; in the heart of every living being, is known as Paramātmā.
Lord Visnu is present even within the atoms.
The real objective of meditation in Yoga is attaining a state of Paramātmā. Anyone who realises them can be liberated from material entanglement."(Sātvata tantra - Books of devotional service by Srila Prabhupada)
Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu is an expansion or overload of Mahā Viṣṇu (expansion of Saṃkarṣaṇa of second caturvyūha, which expands from Nārāyaṇa in Vaikuṇṭhaloka). The latter is realized as the expansion of Pradyumna and originally Krsna's first expansion Balarama.
Srila Prabhupada - "The three puruṣa-avatāras are described in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam. They are also described in the Sātvata-tantra. Viṣṇos tu trīṇi rūpāṇi puruṣākhyāny atho viduḥ: the Supreme Personality of Godhead manifests three features as-
Kāraṇodakaśāyī-Viṣṇu (Maha Visnu),
Lord Brahma sits on the top of a lotus stem on a flower that grows from the naval of Garbhodakaśāyī Visnu.
And then Lord Brahma creates the 14 different material planetary systems and administrator's (demigods).
Each of the three Visnus have different roles in the maintenance of the material universe and its inhabitants.
Srila Prabhupada - "For material creation, Lord Krsna's plenary expansion assumes three Visnus.
1 - The first, Mahā-Viṣṇu or Kāraṇodakaśāyī Visnu, creates the total material energy, known as the mahat-tattva.
2 - The second, Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, enters into all the universes to create diversities.
3 - And the third, Kṣīrodakaśāyī Visnu, is diffused as the all-pervading super soul in all the universes; in the heart of every living being, is known as Paramātmā.
Lord Visnu is present even within the atoms.
The real objective of meditation in Yoga is attaining a state of Paramātmā. Anyone who realises them can be liberated from material entanglement."(Sātvata tantra - Books of devotional service by Srila Prabhupada)
Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu is an expansion or overload of Mahā Viṣṇu (expansion of Saṃkarṣaṇa of second caturvyūha, which expands from Nārāyaṇa in Vaikuṇṭhaloka). The latter is realized as the expansion of Pradyumna and originally Krsna's first expansion Balarama.
Srila Prabhupada - "The three puruṣa-avatāras are described in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam. They are also described in the Sātvata-tantra. Viṣṇos tu trīṇi rūpāṇi puruṣākhyāny atho viduḥ: the Supreme Personality of Godhead manifests three features as-
Kāraṇodakaśāyī-Viṣṇu (Maha Visnu),
Garbhodakaśāyī-Viṣṇu (Hiraņyagarbha)
Kṣīrodakaśāyī-Viṣṇu (Paramatma or Supersoul)
Mahā-Viṣṇu, or Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, is described in the Brahma-saṁhitā (5.47). Yaḥ kāraṇārṇava-jale bhajati sma yoga-nidrām: the Supreme Lord, Kṛṣṇa, the cause of all causes, lies down in the cosmic ocean as Mahā-Viṣṇu. Therefore the Supreme Personality of Godhead is the beginning of this universe, the maintainer of the universal manifestations, and the end of all energy." (BG, Ch 10:20 purport)
Srila Prabhupada - "The Mahā-Viṣṇu, into whom all the innumerable universes enter and from whom they come forth again simply by His breathing process, is a plenary expansion of Kṛṣṇa. Therefore I worship Govinda, Kṛṣṇa, the cause of all causes." Therefore one should conclusively worship the personal form of Kṛṣṇa as the Supreme Personality of Godhead who has eternal bliss and knowledge. He is the source of all forms of Viṣṇu, He is the source of all forms of incarnation, and He is the original Supreme Personality, as confirmed in Bhagavad-gītā." (BG, Ch, 11 text 54 purport)
Srila Prabhupada - "This part of the spiritual sky, called the mahat-tattva, is only an insignificant portion of the whole spiritual sky, and within this mahat-tattva there are innumerable universes. All these universes are collectively produced by the Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, called also the Mahā-Viṣṇu, who simply throws His glance to impregnate the material sky." (SB Canto 1:3:1 purport)
Srila Prabhupada - "They can see only the circular sky overhead, without any information that this universe, as well as many other hundreds of thousands of universes, are each covered by sevenfold material coverings of water, fire, air, sky, ego, noumenon and material nature, just like a huge football, pumped and covered, floating on the water of the Causal Ocean, wherein the Lord is lying as Mahā-Viṣṇu. All the universes in seed are emanating from the breathing of the Mahā-Viṣṇu, who is but part of a partial expansion of the Lord, and all the universes presided over by the Brahmās vanish when the Mahā-Viṣṇu withdraws His great breath. In this way, the material worlds are being created and vanished by the supreme will of the Lord." (SB, Canto 2:1:25 purport)
Srila Prabhupada - "He expands Himself by His different energies, as well as by His plenary portions. In a corner of the spiritual sky of brahmajyoti a spiritual cloud sometimes appears, and the covered portion is called the mahat-tattva. The Lord then, by His plenary portion as Mahā-Viṣṇu, lies down within the water of the mahat-tattva, and the water is called the Causal Ocean (Kāraṇa-jala). While Mahā-Viṣṇu sleeps within the Causal Ocean, innumerable universes are generated along with His breathing.
These universes are floating, and they are scattered all over the Causal Ocean. They stay only during the breathing period of Mahā-Viṣṇu. In each and every universal globe, the same Mahā-Viṣṇu enters again as Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu and lies there on the serpentlike Śeṣa incarnation. From His navel sprouts a
Mahā-Viṣṇu, or Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, is described in the Brahma-saṁhitā (5.47). Yaḥ kāraṇārṇava-jale bhajati sma yoga-nidrām: the Supreme Lord, Kṛṣṇa, the cause of all causes, lies down in the cosmic ocean as Mahā-Viṣṇu. Therefore the Supreme Personality of Godhead is the beginning of this universe, the maintainer of the universal manifestations, and the end of all energy." (BG, Ch 10:20 purport)
Srila Prabhupada - "The Mahā-Viṣṇu, into whom all the innumerable universes enter and from whom they come forth again simply by His breathing process, is a plenary expansion of Kṛṣṇa. Therefore I worship Govinda, Kṛṣṇa, the cause of all causes." Therefore one should conclusively worship the personal form of Kṛṣṇa as the Supreme Personality of Godhead who has eternal bliss and knowledge. He is the source of all forms of Viṣṇu, He is the source of all forms of incarnation, and He is the original Supreme Personality, as confirmed in Bhagavad-gītā." (BG, Ch, 11 text 54 purport)
Srila Prabhupada - "This part of the spiritual sky, called the mahat-tattva, is only an insignificant portion of the whole spiritual sky, and within this mahat-tattva there are innumerable universes. All these universes are collectively produced by the Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, called also the Mahā-Viṣṇu, who simply throws His glance to impregnate the material sky." (SB Canto 1:3:1 purport)
Srila Prabhupada - "They can see only the circular sky overhead, without any information that this universe, as well as many other hundreds of thousands of universes, are each covered by sevenfold material coverings of water, fire, air, sky, ego, noumenon and material nature, just like a huge football, pumped and covered, floating on the water of the Causal Ocean, wherein the Lord is lying as Mahā-Viṣṇu. All the universes in seed are emanating from the breathing of the Mahā-Viṣṇu, who is but part of a partial expansion of the Lord, and all the universes presided over by the Brahmās vanish when the Mahā-Viṣṇu withdraws His great breath. In this way, the material worlds are being created and vanished by the supreme will of the Lord." (SB, Canto 2:1:25 purport)
Srila Prabhupada - "He expands Himself by His different energies, as well as by His plenary portions. In a corner of the spiritual sky of brahmajyoti a spiritual cloud sometimes appears, and the covered portion is called the mahat-tattva. The Lord then, by His plenary portion as Mahā-Viṣṇu, lies down within the water of the mahat-tattva, and the water is called the Causal Ocean (Kāraṇa-jala). While Mahā-Viṣṇu sleeps within the Causal Ocean, innumerable universes are generated along with His breathing.
These universes are floating, and they are scattered all over the Causal Ocean. They stay only during the breathing period of Mahā-Viṣṇu. In each and every universal globe, the same Mahā-Viṣṇu enters again as Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu and lies there on the serpentlike Śeṣa incarnation. From His navel sprouts a
lotus stem, and on the lotus, Brahmā, the lord of the universe, is born. Brahmā creates all forms of living beings of different shapes in terms of different desires within the universe. He also creates the sun, moon and other demigods." (SB, Canto 2:5:33 purport)
Srila Prabhupada - "In the Bṛhad-āraṇyaka Upaniṣad (1.4.1) there is the hymn ātmaivedam agra āsīt puruṣa-vidhaḥ. This mantra indicates the Supreme Personality of Godhead (Kṛṣṇa) even before the appearance of the puruṣa incarnation. In the Bhagavad-gītā (15.18) it is said that Lord Kṛṣṇa is Puruṣottama because He is the supreme puruṣa, transcendental even to the puruṣa-akṣara and the puruṣa-kṣara. The akṣara-puruṣa, or the Mahā-Viṣṇu, throws His glance over prakṛti, or material nature, but the Puruṣottama existed even before that. The Bṛhad-āraṇyaka Upaniṣad therefore confirms the statement of the Bhagavad-gītā that Lord Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Person (Puruṣottama)." (SB, Canto 2:9:33 purport)
Srila Prabhupada - "There are three different types of creation, called mahā-kalpa, vikalpa and kalpa. In the mahā-kalpa the Lord assumes the first puruṣa incarnation as Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu with all the potencies of the mahat-tattva and the sixteen principles of creative matter and instruments. The creative instruments are eleven, the ingredients are five, and all of them are products of mahat, or materialistic ego. These creations by the Lord in His feature of Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu are called mahā-kalpa. The creation of Brahmā and dispersion of the material ingredients are called vikalpa, and the creation by Brahmā in each day of his life is called kalpa. Therefore each day of Brahmā is called a kalpa, and there are thirty kalpas in terms of Brahmā's days." (SB, Canto 2:10:46 purport).
Srila Prabhupada - "Every living being is controlled by the supreme living being, Paramātmā, who resides within everyone's heart. He is the puruṣa, the puruṣa-avatāra, who creates this material world. The first puruṣa-avatāra is Mahā-Viṣṇu, and that Mahā-Viṣṇu is the plenary portion of the plenary portion of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa. Kṛṣṇa's first expansion is Baladeva, and His next expansions are Vāsudeva, Saṅkarṣaṇa, Aniruddha and Pradyumna." (SB, Canto 5:11:13-14 purport).
Srila Prabhupada - "Kṛṣṇa is the origin of all viṣṇu-tattvas, including Mahā-Viṣṇu, Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu and Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu. He is the ultimate goal of Vaiṣṇava philosophy. Everything emanates from Him. His body is completely spiritual and is the source of all spiritual being." (CC 2:20:153 purport).
Srila Prabhupada - "In the Bṛhad-āraṇyaka Upaniṣad (1.4.1) there is the hymn ātmaivedam agra āsīt puruṣa-vidhaḥ. This mantra indicates the Supreme Personality of Godhead (Kṛṣṇa) even before the appearance of the puruṣa incarnation. In the Bhagavad-gītā (15.18) it is said that Lord Kṛṣṇa is Puruṣottama because He is the supreme puruṣa, transcendental even to the puruṣa-akṣara and the puruṣa-kṣara. The akṣara-puruṣa, or the Mahā-Viṣṇu, throws His glance over prakṛti, or material nature, but the Puruṣottama existed even before that. The Bṛhad-āraṇyaka Upaniṣad therefore confirms the statement of the Bhagavad-gītā that Lord Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Person (Puruṣottama)." (SB, Canto 2:9:33 purport)
Srila Prabhupada - "There are three different types of creation, called mahā-kalpa, vikalpa and kalpa. In the mahā-kalpa the Lord assumes the first puruṣa incarnation as Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu with all the potencies of the mahat-tattva and the sixteen principles of creative matter and instruments. The creative instruments are eleven, the ingredients are five, and all of them are products of mahat, or materialistic ego. These creations by the Lord in His feature of Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu are called mahā-kalpa. The creation of Brahmā and dispersion of the material ingredients are called vikalpa, and the creation by Brahmā in each day of his life is called kalpa. Therefore each day of Brahmā is called a kalpa, and there are thirty kalpas in terms of Brahmā's days." (SB, Canto 2:10:46 purport).
Srila Prabhupada - "Every living being is controlled by the supreme living being, Paramātmā, who resides within everyone's heart. He is the puruṣa, the puruṣa-avatāra, who creates this material world. The first puruṣa-avatāra is Mahā-Viṣṇu, and that Mahā-Viṣṇu is the plenary portion of the plenary portion of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa. Kṛṣṇa's first expansion is Baladeva, and His next expansions are Vāsudeva, Saṅkarṣaṇa, Aniruddha and Pradyumna." (SB, Canto 5:11:13-14 purport).
Srila Prabhupada - "Kṛṣṇa is the origin of all viṣṇu-tattvas, including Mahā-Viṣṇu, Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu and Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu. He is the ultimate goal of Vaiṣṇava philosophy. Everything emanates from Him. His body is completely spiritual and is the source of all spiritual being." (CC 2:20:153 purport).
Srila Prabhupada - "This material world is a manifestation of the three modes goodness, passion and ignorance, and the Supreme Lord, for the creation, maintenance and destruction of the material world, accepts three predominating forms as Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Śaṅkara (Śiva).
As Viṣṇu He enters into every body materially created.
As Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu He enters into every universe.
And as Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu He enters the material body of every living being (embodied jiva-soul)
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said - "Let me offer my respectful obeisances unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead who, for the creation of the material world, accepts the three modes of nature. He is the complete whole residing within the body of everyone, and His ways are inconceivable.
This material world is a manifestation of the three modes goodness, passion and ignorance, and the Supreme Lord, for the creation, maintenance and destruction of the material world, accepts three predominating forms as Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Śaṅkara (Śiva).
As Viṣṇu He enters into every body materially created.
As Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu He enters into every universe.
And as Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu He enters the body of every living being.
Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, being the origin of all viṣṇu-tattvas, is addressed here as paraḥ pumān, or Puruṣottama, as described in the Bhagavad-gītā (15.18). He is the complete whole. The puruṣāvatāras are therefore His plenary expansions.
Bhakti-yoga is the only process by which one can become competent to know Him. Because the empiric philosophers and mystic yogīs cannot conceive of the Personality of Godhead, He is called anupalakṣya-vartmane, the Lord of the inconceivable way, or bhakti-yoga.
The Lord as Garbhodakasayi Visnu lies in the ocean of Garbha within this universe, and from His navel the lotus flower sprouts.
Lord Brahma is generated from that lotus flower, and from Lord Brahma the creation of this material world begins." (SB, Canto 2.4.12, from Translation and Purport)^*^
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