Based on records and compilations such as Vaniquotes (which includes the teachings of A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada), there is a distinction made between the "gross" material moon and the "subtle" material heavenly realm on the moon known as Chandraloka.

Did Astronauts go to the Moon? 

Yes, it is acknowledged that NASA astronauts in gross material bodies and spacecraft went to the "gross Moon" (the physical, rocky celestial body) that is visible from Earth but not the subtle heavenly realm existing there.

Apollo Missions: 

NASA successfully landed humans on the Moon we see in the sky six times between 1969 and 1972 as part of the Apollo program, with a total of 12 men walking on the surface however, they could not detect the heavenly subtle reality on the Moon.

Subtle vs Gross: 

According to the Prabhupada quotes, while the astronauts landed on the physical moon, they did not enter the "subtle material heavenly atmosphere of Chandraloka" or the higher heavenly dimensions on the Moon, which are described as being inhabited by demigods and not reachable in a "gross material body."

Vaniquotes View: 

The Vaniquotes perspective maintains that modern scientists cannot see or enter the subtle reality of the moon, which is refered to as a heavenly planet, with their "imperfect vision" and that their attempts only touch the "gross" material aspect. 

In summary, the astronauts did physically go to the Moon visible at night, but did not enter the subtle heavenly dimension described in Vedic literature.^.