Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu, the pioneer of the modern Hare Krsna movement, appeared in Mayapur, West Bengal 537 years ago, February 18th 1486.
He is Krsna Himself, who appeared to inaugurate the yuga-dharma – the Harinama Sankirtana (congregational chanting of the holy names of the Lord, the Hare Krsna maha-mantra).
He never disclosed Himself as the incarnation of the Lord and exemplified the life of a perfect devotee, so that others can follow in His footsteps.
However, this fact is corroborated in many authorized scriptures and also confirmed by great spiritual masters of our sampradaya.
The descriptions of Lord Caitanya in terms of His appearance, bodily features, characteristics and pastimes as found in the several works of His celebrated associates and great devotees completely conform to those predicted in the Vedic literatures.
In this article we present certain important verses from some of the well-known Vedic literatures to substantiate the identity of Lord Caitanya as the Supreme Lord Krsna.
(1) Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.5.32)
krsna-varnam tvishakrishnam sangopangastra-parshadam yajnaih sankirtana-prayair yajanti hi sumedhasah
In the age of Kali, intelligent persons perform congregational chanting to worship the incarnation of Godhead who constantly sings the holy name of Krsna.
Although His complexion is not blackish, He is Krsna Himself. He is accompanied by His associates, servants, weapons and confidential companions.
krsna-varnam means:
This word denotes that Lord Caitanya belongs to the category of Krsna or in other words He is Krsna Himself. krsna-varnam also means one who constantly chants the name of Lord Krsna.
tvisa akrsnam means:
His bodily complexion is not black. He appeared in golden-like yellow complexion.
sangopangastra-parsadam means:
Lord Caitanya is always accompanied by His confidential associates like Lord Nityananda, Advaita Acharya, Sri Gadadhara Pandita, Srivasa Acarya, Haridasa Thakura, etc.
In other incarnations, the Lord sometimes made use of His weapons to defeat or kill the demons, but in this age the Lord subdues the demonic mentality with His all-attractive figure of Caitanya Mahaprabhu who freely distributes Krishna-prema, pure love of Krsna. That is His weapon.
(2) Visnu-sahasra-nama stotra from Mahabharata.
Each of the 1000 names contained in the Visnu-sahasra-nama stotra that is found in the Mahabharata, glorifies one or more aspects of the Supreme Lord’s transcendental forms, qualities, pastimes, etc.
The following names indicate the bodily features of Lord Caitanya.
suvarna-varno hemango varangas candanangadi
suvarna-varna means:
He has a golden complexion.
hemanga means:
He has the appearance of molten gold.
varanga means:
He is exquisitely beautiful.
candanangadi means:
The Lord’s body is smeared with sandalwood pulp.
Lord Caitanya’s qualities and activities are described in the following names.
sannyasa-krt means:
He accepts the renounced order of life. (Lord Caitanya accepted sannyasa at the age of 24.)
sama means:
He is fully sense-controlled or equipoised.
santa means:
He is completely peaceful.
nistha means:
He is rigidly fixed in the chanting of the holy name of Lord Krsna.
santi-parayana means:
He is the highest abode of devotion and peace. He silences the impersonalist philosophers. (Lord Caitanya defeated many eminent mayavadis in philosophical debates and converted them to Vaisnavism.)
(3) Garuda Purana
The Supreme Lord says:
aham purno bhavisyami yuga-sandhyau visesatah mayapure navadvipe bhavisyami saci-sutah
In the first part of Kali-yuga, I will appear in my complete spiritual form in Mayapura, Navadvipa and become the son of Shachi.
Sri Caitanya was born in Mayapura (a subsection of the holy town of Navadvipa, West Bengal) as the son of Srimati Shachi devi in the year 1486, about 4,500 years after the beginning of the Kali-yuga.
It is also stated in this purana:
kaleh prathama-sandhyayam laksmi-kanto bhavisyati daru-brahma-samipa-sthah sannyasi gaura-vigrahah
In the first part of Kali-yuga, the Supreme Lord in the golden complexion will become the husband of Lakshmi. Then He will become a sannyasi and reside near Lord Jagannatha.
Sri Caitanya married His eternal consort Srimati Lakshmipriya and later took sannyasa at the age of 24.
After the acceptance of sannyasa, He left Navadvipa and resided in Puri, the holy city of Lord Jagannatha in Orissa. Lord Jagannatha in Puri is also referred to as daru-brahma in the Puranas as the Deities here are made from Neem wood. The word daru means wood in Sanskrit.
yo reme saha-ballavi ramayate vrndavane ‘har-nisam
yah kamsam ni jaghana kaurava-rane yah pandavanam sakha so ‘yam vainava-danda-mandita-bhujah sannyasa-vesah svayam nihsandeham upagatah ksiti-tale caitanya-rupah prabhuh
The Supreme Lord who took delight in His pastimes with the gopis, who filled the residents of Vrindavana with joy day and night, who slew Kamsa, and who made friends with the Pandavas in the battle between the Kauravas, will without any doubt, come again to the earth.
He will be a sannyasi with the name Caitanya whose arm will be decorated with a bamboo stick.
It is clear from this verse that Lord Krsna Himself appeared as Caitanya Mahaprabhu. According to the custom, a sannyasi is supposed to carry a bamboo stick (danda). Lord Caitanya carried a single bamboo stick as He was an eka-danda sannyasi.
(4) Narasimha Purana
satye daitya-kuladhi-nasa-samaye
simhordhva-martyakrtis
tretayam dasa-kandharam
paribhavan rameti namakrtih
gopalan paripalayan vraja-pure
bharam haran dvapare
gaurangah priya-kirtanah
kali-yuge caitanya-nama-prabhuh
The Supreme Lord who assumed the form of a half-man, half-lion in the Satya-yuga to cure a dreadful disease that had devastated the Daityas, and who appearing as Rama conquered the ten-headed Ravana in the Treta-yuga, and who removed the burden of the earth in the Dvapara-yuga and protected the cowherd men of Vraja-pura, will be the Lord by name Caitanya in the Kali-yuga.
He will have a golden form and He will take pleasure in chanting the Lord’s holy names.
(5) Padma Purana
The Supreme Lord states:
kaleh prathama-sandhyayam gaurangotham mahi-tale
bhagirathi-tate ramie bhavisyami saci-sutah
I shall take birth as the son of Shachi assuming a golden form in a beautiful place on the bank of the Bhagirathi (Ganges) on the earth in the first part of Kali-yuga.
Mayapura, the birth place of Sri Caitanya is on the banks of the Ganges. There is a similar verse in the Brahma Purana predicting the appearance of Lord Caitanya.
(6) Narada Purana
The Supreme Personality of Godhead says:
aham eva kalau vipra nityam pracchanna-vigrahah
bhagavad-bhakta-rupena lokan raksami sarvada
O brahmana, I will deliver all the worlds, concealing myself in the form of a devotee of the Lord in Kali-yuga.
divija bhuvi jayadhvam jayadhvam bhakta-rupinah kalau sankirtanarambhe bhavisyami saci-sutah
O demigods, please advent on the earth as devotees in Kali-yuga. To inaugurate sankirtana, I will incarnate as the son of Shachi.
(7) Bhavishya Purana
The Supreme Lord states:
anandasru-kala-roma-harsa-purnam tapo-dhana sarve mama eva draksyanti kalau sannyasa-rupinam
O austere sage, everyone will see My transcendental form as a sannyasi in the age of Kali. I will be displaying symptoms like shedding tears of bliss and hairs standing on end out of ecstasy.
Lord Caitanya was always merged in the ocean of transcendental ecstasy while chanting the names of Krsna and dancing during sankirtana.
He felt intense separation from the Lord and due to those devotional feelings displayed various ecstatic symptoms of pure love for Krsna, such as incessant tears, voice choking up, hairs on the body standing on end etc.
(8) Vayu Purana
The Supreme Lord says:
paurnamasyam phalgunasya phalguni-rksa-yogatah bhavisye gaura-rupena saci-garbhe purandarat
On the full moon day of the month of Phalguna, conjoined with the star Phalguni, I will appear in a golden form begotten by Purandara in the womb of Shachi.
Lord Caitanya was born on the full moon day in the month of Phalguna. His father was known by the names Jagannatha Mishra and Purandara Mishra.
svarnadi-tiram asthaya navadvipe janasraye tatra dvija-kulam prapto bhavisyami janalaye
I will appear in a brahmana family in Navadvipa, by the shore of the Ganges.
bhakti-yoga-pradanaya lokasyanugrahaya ca
sannyasa-rupam asthaya krsna-caitanya-nama-dhrk
In order to engage the people in devotional service and bestow mercy upon them, I will take sannyasa, accepting the name Krsna Caitanya.
(9) Matsya Purana
The following statement is made by the Lord:
mundo gaurah su-dirghangas tri-srotas-tira-sambhavah dayaluh kirtana-grahi bhavisyami kalau yuge
In the age of Kali, I will be golden colour. I will be tall and will have a shaven head. The place where I take birth will be a meeting point of three rivers. I will be very merciful and I will keenly engage in chanting the holy names.
Lord Caitanya, being an eka-danda sannyasi had a completely shaven head as was the custom for such sannyasis. Three rivers – the Ganges, the Yamuna and the Saraswati (which is currently in her hidden form) – flow at Navadvipa.
(10) Skanda Purana
The Supreme Lord states:
antah krsnah bahir gaurah sangopangastra-parsadah
saci-garbhe samapnuyam maya-manusa-karma-krt
Inwardly Krsna but outwardly of golden form, I will be accompanied by My associates, servants, weapons, and confidential companions. Taking My birth in the womb of Shachi, I will accept the role of a human being.
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